Scientific Revolution Dbq

*The Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries brings to mind great scientists like Galileo who dedicated themselves to math and science in order to help human learning. Advances were made in chemistry, astronomy, math, and even more branches of science by these men. However, they were not the ones whose thoughts were able to change that of the people in charge, i. e. , the Pope and the powerful rulers of that time.Without those people, the ideas of the scientists would never have been accepted by the general public. The thoughts of those people such as religious figures, philosophers, and even men working in the state were those that most helped to push the scientific revolution forward, because they broke boundaries and changed the way even society itself reacted to new ideas and developments. **The year 1554 was one of the first years that a free thinker came into the picture.John Calvin, a French Protestant theologian, disagreed with the fact that the study of astronom y should be outlawed by the Church, saying, â€Å"This study should not be prohibited, nor this science condemned, because some frantic persons boldly reject whatever is unknown to them,† (doc. 2). He had even formed his own religions, to become known later as Calvinism, because he so disagreed with the Church. Just a few years earlier, Polish priest and astronomer Nicholas Copernicus had agreed in a more mild way, saying, â€Å"The learned and unlearned alike may see that I shrink from no criticism,† (doc. ) meaning that he would continue his studies no matter what others told him. Both these religious men, though in different religions, thought the same thing about the fact that knowledge and learning should have no boundaries. Galileo himself was living proof of what these two men are discussing; his books were banned by the Church and put under house arrest for the last years of his life because his teachings disagreed with the Church.People all over the world, inc luding people within the Church like Copernicus, began to see that the Church was conflicting with the opportunity to discover many new things. **Many philosophers had the same ideas about learning and the fact that it must be expanded. Francis Bacon, as English philosopher of science, said that â€Å"the true and lawful goal of science is this: that human knowledge be endowed with new discoveries and powers,† (doc. 4). He believed that learning new things was absolutely necessary to all of mankind itself.Another philosopher that was way ahead of her time was Margaret Cavendish, an English natural philosopher. She said, â€Å"Were it allowable for our sex, I might set up my own school of natural philosophy,† (doc. 9). Though it would be many years before this would actually happen Cavendish, like these other men, wanted to open people's eyes up to new possibilities. She also wanted them to accept scientists, though she was speaking of the female gender. Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, talks not about how the Church would limit knowledge, but how the state itself would.He believes that, because geometry does not appear to matter to people because it has nothing to do with â€Å"ambition, lust or profit,† people will mostly leave it alone. But, he says that if some geometry postulate or theorem would â€Å"conflict with the interest of those who rule,† he knows that â€Å"it would be suppressed,† (doc. 7). Hobbes believes wholeheartedly that any king or queen would censor new discoveries should they not be want they want their people to know. *Despite Hobbes' views, there were some people involved in the state who tried to encourage scientists to gather their knowledge together. Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the English Royal Society, had wanted scientists to all come together as a community. He said, â€Å"Friendship should be spread through the world of learning, and established among those whose minds are above parti san zeal because of their devotion to truth and human welfare,† (doc. 6).Oldenburg believed that communities of learning would greatly benefit the world at that time, and all of mankind to come. Jean Baptiste Colbert, French finance minister under Louis XIV, wrote a letter saying how the state also must allow arts and sciences to flourish, and that he has been persuaded to establish many scientific academies to help science prosper (doc. 11). This can be shown being put into action a few years later, with a drawing of all the great minds and projects at work in the French Royal Academy, a place where learning could flourish (doc. 0). **Free thinkers of the Scientific Revolution such as religious men, philosophers, and statesmen, despite the fact that they were not considered â€Å"scientists,† made the most important contributions in these time periods. Though they did not actually change the way the people viewed the physical world like some scientists, they changed th e way the people of that time period thought. These were the people that opened their eyes so that they could see the new discoveries made by scientists. These were the

River Rother

We are visiting four different locations, on the 18th September 2009, along The River Rother. It is hoped that these locations will demonstrate the three main courses of a river; Upper Course, Middle Course and Lower course. The four locations that we will be visiting and carrying out our tests are: 1. Marley Lane, for the upper course (the source) 2. Sedlescombe, for the middle course 3. Bodiam, for the lower middle course 4. Rye Harbour, for the lower course (mouth) The purpose of the study is to find out if our hypothesis proven correct or not, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river.' Collecting data from each of the location hopefully will prove our hypothesis correct. The information that we need to collect from the three locations are; the width, depth and speed. To obtain these results we will be using a meter ruler, tape measure, clinometer and a dog biscuit. For some of the results that we are unable to get we will use a secondary source and we will compare our results to the results from text the books. The four locations that have been chosen are ideal for our study because they are close to the school, they show all the three stages of the rivers course and we are able to visit all the locations and get out tests done in one day. The River Rother, is 35 miles long, is a river flowing through the South East of England and runs though East Sussex and Kent. Its source is near Rotherfield which is in East Sussex, and its mouth is Rye Harbor, which is part of the English Channel. METHODOLOGY Width At a narrow point of the rivers course (Battle and Sedlescombe), we will use a meter ruler to measure the distance from one bank to other. At mid point (Bodiam), we will use a tape measurer crossing via a bridge. At the lower course (Rye), we will either estimate or use a secondary source. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct that the width does get bigger as you carry on down the rivers course. Depth At Battle and Sedlescombe we will measure the river's depth 5cm interval to find out the shape of the river channel. At Bodiam there is a bridge and at every meter we will measure the depth using a tape measure with a weight at the end to hold it down. At Rye we will use a secondary source because the river there is much to deep for us to measure. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct that the depth does getting deeper as you carry on down the rivers course. Speed of River The method for collecting the speed of the river will be the same at all for locations. We will measure ten meter along the side of the river, drop a dog biscuit in at zero on the stopwatch, and time it to see how long it takes to get to the end of the ten meters. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct that the speed does increase as you carry on down the rivers course. Photographs We will be taking photos as we walk round to show the type of land use that is there and the landscape to see if it is the same as a typical landscape. The landscape showed to be the same as a typical rivers landscape. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct. Field Sketches We will be noting down features/land uses of the land as we walk around so we can later on make a Field Sketch, really get an idea of the land use in the area, and see if it is like a typical river lay out. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct; the landscape forms a more U shape as you carry on down the rivers course. Observations As we are walking round, we will be noting down the land uses. Valley/Slope Profile In pairs, we will measure the valley sides and floor at the river and will measure the distance it is between each other gradient of slope and measure the angle using a Clinometer. In pairs we will stand at the top of the valley sides. The first person will pace out until the slope changes angle, we will note this and the person at the top of the slope will note down the reading of the angle change with the Clinometer. The second person will meet the first person and the will repeat this, until the other side of the valley. The hypothesis we expect to be proven correct that the valley does make a ‘V' shape and closer you get to the mouth the ‘V' shape turns into a ‘U' shape. River Profile We will take the width measurement and depth measurement and create a cross section of the river for each location. Land Use Survey We will have an OS map of each location and use the keys to note down the land use. We will colour in the the land uses in different colour and after wards use a Ten by Ten grid (squared) and count up the number of square for each one and calculate the percentage out of a hundred for each one. We will then out this into a pie chart to show the percentages. The hypothesis we expect to be proven wrong for the land use to be the same as a typical river's land use. WHAT I EXPECT TO FIND Upper Course (Battle, Marley Lane) At this stage of the river it should be every slow and narrow and shallow. There should be many obstructions in the way of the river. It is because of all these obstructions that the river is flowing slowly. There will be steep valley sides a, ‘V', shaped valley and several waterfalls. There should be interlocking spurs. The land use should be over run by Pastoral Farmland and Woodland, Settlement. The volume should be small due to the large amount of obstructions and the shape of the valley which is due to the Interlocking Spurs (hard rock). Middle Course (Sedlescombe) The river should be wider than the upper course. The valley flor should be wider, faster flowing water and the volume should increase due to the change in the channel's shape. The valley shape should start to change more like a ‘U' shape. Pastoral Farmland and Woodland will dominate the land use. Lower Middle Course (Bodiam) The river has already started to widen so at this stage it is becoming even wider and the valley into a more pronounced ‘U' shape. From this the river is much large and deeper and volume is larger. The river should now be flowing much faster because there are very little obstructions in the way. Pastoral and Arable Farmland should dominate the land use. Lower Course (Rye) This stage should have the largest depth of the whole river because it is a deep ‘U' shape and the width is very wide. The speed as increased to its top speed because there is no obstructions in the way now and if there is every few. The main feature that should be found here is the mouth of the river that leads out to the Ocean. The flood plain is very large and the land use is all mainly Slat Marsh Land and Mud Flats so it unused and there is Industry. DATA ANALYSIS / INTERPRETATION Width The data that is being shown is the width of Battle, Sedlescombe, Bodiam and Rye. Rye had the largest width in between each bank leaving Battle the smallest. Ryes width was 2500cm; Bodiam had 1240cm, Sedlescombe 134cm and Battle 50cm. Rye has the largest width between each bank, this is because Rye is the lower course of the river and has no obstructions in the rivers path so it is the fastest flowing and erodes the banks faster. It is also the location where the mouth of the river, where it enters the sea. However, we did have to get this from a secondary source. Battle has the smallest width; this is because it is located in the upper course and the speed of the river here is at its slowest and is unable to erode the banks as freely as the lower course. The erosion found in the upper course is Vertical Erosion this is why in the upper course the river is shaped as a ‘V'. The most common type of erosion found in the middle course of the river is Lateral Erosion, which is why the river gets wider as you carry on further on down the river. The textbook theory from the textbook that the river gets bigger, in lateral erosion and vertical erosion, as you get near to the mouth of the river. Our hypothesis is proven correct for the width does act like a typical river. DATA ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATION Depth The data that shows the depth of Battle, Sedlescombe, Bodiam and Rye. From the upper course to the mouth the rivers depth got larger. Starting with Battle, which had the smallest depth of, only had 37cm, Sedlescombe with 50cm, Bodiam 97cm and Rye with the largest out of them with 400cm. The data for Battle may have been altered due to the heavy rain on the day, which may have caused erosion. However, previously very dry weather had led to low volume of water. The depth at Rye we have had to get from a secondary source due to the difficult fact that we are unable to measure. From the data, it shows very clearly that the rivers depth does increase as it goes along. This is due to the transportation of more water and material, which erodes vertically, this, is the act of it eroding downwards and laterally, which of it eroding across. The theory from the textbook agrees with our hypothesis and what we have found, the river does get bigger in lateral erosion and vertical erosion, as you draw nearer to the month of the river. DATA ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATION Speed The data shows that the River Rother picks up speed from Battle (Source) to Rye (Mouth). The speed of Battle was the slowest with 0.03m/ps, Sedlescombe 0.52m/ps, Bodiam 0.98m/ps and Rye with the fastest 1.72m/ps. The change in the speed is very noticeable when the river gets to Bodiam (lower middle course) the speed increases by 1.69m/ps. This is because this is the point of confluence (were two rivers meet).Battle and Sedlescombe are the tributary river from the River Brede, when a tributary river meet the speed and volume of the river increases. Because the volume increases that means there is more water in the river and from that there less obstructions in the way, so the river speed goes much faster. The theory from the textbook agrees with our hypothesis and what we have found, the river does get fast as you draw nearer to the mouth of the river. DATA ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATION Valley Profiles The valley at Battle is quite deep at the sides and not very deep in the middle. The shape is shaped like a ‘U' but this maybe be because of the bridge that goes over the top of the river. Battle has a small valley that had been enlarged by the bridge. Therefore, this affected our results slightly but the valley was meant to be ‘V' shaped. Sedlescombe is a lot flatter than Battle and it is wider. But we where only able to measure one side of the valley, so our interpretation is an estimate due to privet land but it still has the typical shape of a ‘U' which is what we expected to find. Bodiam has a very wide valley floor and the valley slopes where at an angle making a rough ‘U' shape like a typical river at this stage. Rye, we where unable to measure because the valley floor was too large. However, this is what we expected to find because it is the last stage of the river, the mouth. The theory from the textbooks is that the valley goes from a ‘V' shape valley to a ‘U' shape valley. This is due to hard rock being in the upper course of the river and because the high lands are mainly rock it is harder for the river to erode the away at the banks so it's a narrow shape forming a ‘V' shape but the river winds around the hard rock a pattern like a snake. As you carry on down the river the hard rock starts to get erode so what is left are interlocking spurs, these also erode over time crating a wider valley floor crating a ‘U'shape. The hypothesis is proven correct for the Valley Profile. How do I add the figures? DATA ANALYSIS/INTERPRETATION River Profiles The width for the three locations is as followed from smallest to the largest; Battle 55cm, Sedlescombe 130cm and Bodiam with 1200cm. Bodiam had the largest depth also with 150cm. This was we expected to find because it is in the middle lower course But this is possible to wrong because in the river were we measured there are pillars to hold the bridge up. So while measuring we may have measured off one of those by accident. In Sedlescombe the deepest point was 53cm which isn't very deep but this is also expected because it is the upper lower course. The depth is possible to change here too though but only due to lateral erosion. In Battle we expected a shallow depth and we got a shallow depth with 5.5cm. When we took measurements of the river at the different points we put this information into a graph, the graph showed us the shape of the river at each location; Bodiam had long steep vertical banks and the river bed was flat with a few bumps and then back up forming an almost ‘U' shape. Sedlescombe was more of a ‘V' shape, the banks both went down at different angles to each other and the river bed had a lot more bumps. The two banks are at different angles this would be due to Lateral Erosion (which is erosion at outside of the bend) which is common in the middle course to form such features like Ox Bow Lakes. Battle was very shallow and lots of bumps along the bed and is hard to tell if it looked like a V shape. After comparing our graphs to a typical river to see if our hypothesis proven correct or not, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river.' It is proven that it does act like a typical river when it is compared. Evaluation – Conclusion From all our data that we have collected proves our hypothesis, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river.' Our hypothesis has got most typical physical features and land use of a normal typical river. For example; Width, the width of the river proved our hypothesis correct that the river does get bigger, in lateral erosion as you get near to the mouth of the river. Depth, the depth of the river proved our hypothesis correct that the river does get bigger, though vertical erosion, as you get near to the mouth of the river. Speed, the speed of the river proved our hypothesis correct that the river does get faster as you get nearer the mouth of the river. River Profile, the river profile went clearly from a V shape to a U as you carried on down the river nearer to the mouth. Vertical Erosion and Lateral Erosion cause this. Valley Profile, the valley profile also went clearly from a V shape to a U shape as you got nearer to the mouth of the river. So from our data our hypothesis is proven correct. However they are some parts of our data that does not agree with the typical river physical features. Like for example; Land Use, the land use around the four locations was proven to be wrong because at each location the land use was predicted different to what we found to really be their. Land Use, In Battle it was predicted we would find Hill Sheep Farming due to the steep land and large areas. But we found was Arable Farming mainly and lots of Settlement. Sedlescombe it was predicted we would find Arable Farming and Settlement. What we found was correct for this location. Bodiam was predicted that we would find it dominated by Arable Farming which is correct. Rye was expected us to find mainly Marsh Land and some Industry. What we found was mainly Marsh Land but also a lot of Industry and Lines of Communication. With that being the only thing that proves our hypothesis wrong against the several other facts that proves our hypothesis correct, The River Rother does includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river. Photo and Filed sketches Evaluation – Limitation After getting all of my results I am happy with what I ended up with because a large amount of the data agrees with our hypothesis, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river.' The land use is the only thing that went against our hypothesis but two of the locations were a tributary from the River Rother. And because Rye is such a large river we are unable to carry out our tests on it because we don't have the resources so we have to get all the results from a secondary source, which could be either out of date or a bad estimate. All the data we collected could be improved for example; The measuring of the speed, instead of using a Dog Biscuit and counting till it got to a certain spot. We could have used a Flow Meter. We were only able to do the Dog biscuit test once because we only had one Dog Biscuit for each location and it kept getting caught on debris in the river; sticks, rocks, trees and other debris. In Sedlescombe there were too many trees to get an accurate result the dog biscuit kept getting caught so we had to use several leafs to get our results. If we had a Flow Meter the test would have been much easier to carry out and a lot more reliable. Measuring the depth in all three locations can change and be inaccurate, due to the amount of water volume at the time of the measurement. And for the fourth locations, Rye, we had to use a secondary source which could be wrong and out of date. Bodiam we could only measure one side, the other is an estimate so that can be wrong affect the results of the data. Also the pillars in the river that hold up the bridge, it is possible that we could have been measuring off one of those for our depth. Sedlescombe's results were as good as we could get them. There was no interference other than the rocks in the water but they are natural so it's possible. In Battle it was very easy to measure because at Battle the river was very shallow. So if there was any interference we could just easily move it out the way. The way that we could have improved measuring the depth would be getting a boat and sailing to the middle of the river and dropping a weight with a tap measure and making sure we don't get any pillars. Finding the width of the river valley could all be wrong because in Rye we had to use a secondary source, in Bodiam we were only able to measure one side of the river valley due to what looked like privet land and us having to estimate what the other side, and finally Battle and Sedlescombe are both a tributary from the River Brede, so this could be a problem to our results because were meant to be collecting results from the River Rother and not the River Brede. The way we can improve all of this is by having different up to date sources and up to date equipment and measure more than once and take an average. For Sedlescombe how we measured the width was measuring across the bridge rather than measuring the river its self which means the bridge was probably wider than the river so this is a problem that can affect our results. The way we could have done this better is by getting two people down on either side of the river and measuring the length with a tape measure as close as we can. Battle is small enough to easily enough to have trustworthy measurements. The Valley Profile could have been improved a lot more by actually counting and measuring out our own individual steps instead of making all our steps the same with the same distance between each one. These problems could have easily been solved with a Meter Counter, counting our distance and adding up the distance we travelled accurately and correctly. And once we are back in the class room working out our meters into our own steps. This would have improved our data. Measuring the shape of the land with the clinometers wasn't perfect because not everyone was the same high as their partner so the accuracy was off at that point as well as the clinometers steaming up from the temperature made it hard to read the angles. The day that we went to the four different locations to do our test to get our results wasn't the best of days. The weeks before where hot and sunny causing evaporation, less water. Then the day and night before our trip it rained causing erosion and prevented us from doing most of the tests we needed to do correctly. It wasn't a good temperature either causing the clinometers to steam up and unable to read the angles accurately enough for a good result. The rain also ruined my own paper with my results on it making me have to get other results that could be wrong. And people rushing the test because it would start to rain again made it possible that we skipped something important and get the wrong results. Our hypothesis, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river.' can be inaccurate because it isn't being very clear to what kind of river it wants us to test for, ‘a typical river' is there such thing? All rivers are going to be different whether its due to what part of a country they are in or the size of the river or even how much rain the river gets. But I think the main problem that makes our hypothesis inaccurate is not noting what country this typical river is from. A river in Africa is going to be different to a river in England because of the amount of rain fall, less rain less water in the river to clear the obstructions causing the river to have a smaller volume and slower speed. The land use would be completely different too; most of Africa is a LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country) so there wouldn't be a large amount of Settlement and Industry around the mouth of the river. The weather conditions affect the comparisons too, for example; if there is a heat wave the river will lose a lot of water causing speed to slow and volume to drop, depth and width would change too. In England we usually expect rain so the rivers volume, speed, depth and width would all increase. The hypothesis should change to a more clearer, ‘The River Rother includes all the physical features and land use of a typical river in England'. Or something similar that is more targeted on a specific river.

Education System in Singapore Free Essay Example, 2750 words

In his attempts to create a multi-racial and multi-ethnic nation, Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore s first prime minister, had to lay strategies to mitigate racial and ethnic segregation. The introduction of a compulsory two-year national service, the teaching of all the four official languages and the policy of mixing each group within government-built houses brought unity among the people (OECD, 2010). The government s decision to introduce bilingual in schools where students could learn English alongside their indigenous language brought cohesion among the children. The provision of at least six years of education to all children despite their race, language, sex, religion, wealth or status was another milestone in fighting the racism that was rampant during the colonial period. Factors that Singapore overcame to achieve the education and civilization in the country The success of Singapore education system is anchored on the reforms and improvements that were made to channel away for grea ter education uptake in the country. The changes in the education system yielded a program that sort to improve the gap that existed in the old Education for All system in nurturing and exploiting the gifted and talented children. We will write a custom essay sample on Education System in Singapore or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They felt that the education system could not provide the opportunity for the gifted child to succeed further than the curriculum could offer because of lack of flexibility and mechanisms to provide such experiences (Lim, n.d. ). With the general belief that bright students should not be held back by their less talented counterparts, parents expressed their preference for better and more enriching programs for their children. These led to the adoption of Gifted Education program. The adoption of the policy reforms was also contributed by the political events of the time, good leadership, and the beliefs and values of the Singaporean society. The outcomes of the adoption of this policy had impacts on students in primary schools, parents, and teachers.

Holocaust Records Archive Unveiled

After 60 years of being hidden away from the public, Nazi records about the 17.5 million people — Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, mental patients, handicapped, political prisoners and other undesirables — they persecuted during the regimes 12 years in power will be open to the public. What is the ITS Bad Arolsen Holocaust Archive? The ITS Holocaust Archive in Bad Arolsen, Germany contains the fullest records of Nazi persecutions in existence.  The archives contain 50 million pages, housed in thousands of filing cabinets in six buildings. Overall, there are 16 miles of shelves holding information about the victims of the Nazis. The documents — scraps of paper, transport lists, registration books, labor documents, medical records, and finally death registers — record the arrest, transportation, and extermination of the victims. In some case, even the amount and size of the lice found on the prisoners’ heads were recorded.This archive contains the famous Schindler’s List, with the names of 1,000 prisoners saved by factory owner Oskar Schindler who told the Nazis he needed the prisoners to work in his factory.Records of Anne Frank’s journey from Amsterdam to Bergen-Belsen, where she died at the age of 15, can also be found among the millions of documents in this archive.The Mauthausen concentration camp’s â€Å"Totenbuch,† or Death Book, records in meticulous handwriting how, on April 20, 1942, a prisoner was shot in the back of the head every two minutes for 90 hours. The Mauthausen camp commandant ordered these executions as a birthday present for Hitler.Towar d the end of the war, when the Germans were struggling, the record keeping was not able to keep up with the extermination. And unknown numbers of prisoners were marched directly from trains to gas chambers in places like Auschwitz without being registered. How were the archives created? As the Allies conquered Germany and entered the Nazi concentration camps beginning in the spring of 1945, they found detailed records that had been kept by the Nazis. The documents were taken to the German town of Bad Arolsen, where they were sorted, filed, and locked way. In 1955, the International Tracing Service (ITS), an arm of the International Committee of the Red Cross, was put in charge of the archives. Why were the records closed to the public? An agreement signed in 1955 stated that no data that could harm the former Nazi victims or their families should be published. Thus, the ITS kept the files closed to the public because of concerns about the victims privacy. Information was doled out in minimal amounts to survivors or their descendants.This policy generated much ill-feeling among Holocaust survivors and researchers. In response to pressure from these groups, the ITS commission declared itself in favor of opening up the records in 1998 and began scanning the documents into digital form in 1999.Germany, however, opposed amending the original convention to allow for public access to the records. German opposition, which was based on possible misuse of information, became the main barrier to opening the Holocaust archives to the public.Yet until now Germany resisted the opening, on the grounds that the records involve private information about individuals that could be misused. Why are the records now being made available? In May 2006, following years of pressure from the United States and survivors groups, Germany changed its viewpoint and agreed to a fast revision of the original agreement.Brigitte Zypries, the German justice minister at the time, announced this decision while in Washington for a meeting with Sara J. Bloomfield, the director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.Zypries said, Our point of view is that the protection of privacy rights has reached by now a standard high enough to ensure ... the protection of privacy of those concerned. Why are the records important? The immensity of information in the archives will provide Holocaust researchers with work for generations. Holocaust scholars have already started to revise their estimates of the number of camps run by the Nazis according to new information being found. And the archives present a formidable obstacle to Holocaust deniers.In addition, with the youngest survivors very swiftly dying each year, time is running out for survivors to learn about their loved ones. Today survivors fear that after they die, no one will remember the names of their family members who were killed in the Holocaust. The archives need to be accessible while there are still survivors alive who have the knowledge and drive to access it.The opening of the archives means that survivors and their descendents can finally find information about the loved ones they lost, and this may bring them some well-deserved closure before the end of their lives.

Obedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay - 1420 Words

Compliance with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority is obedience. Just about everyone obeys someone or something on a daily basis without even thinking about it. It is normal and useful for keeping law and order in a common civilized society. Obedience is not a bad thing, it is just a way of controlling people. However, the opposite end of obedience is disobedience which is usually viewed as bad, especially in the context of a societal view. Both obedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; during the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficulty to disob ey, and social pressures that are displayed among groups. Many war crimes and horrific historical events involve the forces of obedience especially within groups. These tragic events as time has passed have sparked curiosity in many behavioral scientists. Research through experimentation has occurred and helped explain some of the behaviors witnessed such as in the famous Milgram experiment. Stanley Milgram performed an experiment that revealed some truly baffling facts when it comes to obedience. TheShow MoreRelatedObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesObedience is defined as compliance with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority. Just about everyone obeys someone or something on a daily basis without even thinking about it. It is normal and useful for keeping law and order in a common civilized society. Obedience is not a bad thing, it is just a way of controlling people. However, the opposite end of obedience is disobedience which is usually viewed as bad, especially in the context of a societal view. Both obedience and disobedienceRead MoreObedience to Authority Essays836 Words   |  4 Pageseven human being’s life; along with this, is the expectation of obedience to that authority. Through this obedience, many great things have been accomplished, as well as many instances of cruel and immoral acts. Defiance of the established authority, though, has also lead to great things, such as the creation and founding of the United States of America. In his writing, Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram examines the obedience to authority without questioning or taking responsibility and theRead MoreReal Life Implications Of The Milgram Experiment1698 Words   |  7 PagesReal Life Implications of the Milgram Experiment One of the most controversial studies in the history of psychology is Stanley Milgram’s Obedience experiment, which revealed the power of obedience and the horrendous acts people would commit when faced by an authority figure. Milgram selected male participants to be part of a learning study. He got people to be either the learner or the teacher. It was fixed that they were always the teacher. The teacher would shock the learner if they would getRead MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1403 Words   |  6 Pages Studying obedience to authority most often reveals human nature repugnantly; however, it teaches society individual capability and, thus, it can prevent unethical actions. In the film, A Few Good Men, Col. Nathan R. Jessup, the commanding officer at Guantanamo Bay Cuba orders a â€Å"code red† – an unsanctioned disciplinary action against Pfc. William T. Santiago. Lance Cpl. Harold W. Dawson and Pfc. Louden Downey, two U.S. Marines, are the fellow platoon members that implement the code red, and LtRead MoreA Few Good Men Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesauthorization, specifically in the military (Zimbardo 116-117, Kelman and Hamilton 139-142). Zimbardo would consider Dawson’s following of the Code Red to be a product of his environment, in this case, the military (116). Based on â€Å"When Good People do Bad Things,† Dr. Phil, Ph.D., agrees with Zimbardo that ordinary people are capable of carrying out heinous acts, depending on the situation. Dr. Phil interviews a military Ranger, Alex, who robbed a bank inadvertently. The Ranger was under the impressionRead MoreEssay on Obedience to Authority574 Words   |  3 PagesObedience to Authority Today our society raises us to believe that obedience is good and disobedience is bad. We are taught that we should all do what we’re told and that the people that are disobedient are almost always bad people. Society tells us this, but it is not true. Most people will even be obedient to the point of causing harm to others, because to be disobedient requires the courage to be alone against authority. In Stanley Milgram’s Perils of Obedience experiment, his studiesRead MoreWhat Can Social Psychology Teach Us About What Happened At Abu Ghraib? Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesthe line to gain information by the centre intelligence agency, tier 1A was known as the interrogation hold. One detained was mentally ill, he covered himself in faeces every day, the soldiers would have to role him in sand so he wouldn’t smell so bad and they named him ‘Shitboy’. What was he doing in an interrogation hold? This is one example that shows the level of humilia tion and dehumanisation that went on. Philip Zimbardo was an expert witness for U.S. Army Reserve Staff Sgt. Ivan â€Å"Chip† FrederickRead MoreCustomer Service And Employee Satisfaction1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat good leadership directly relates to the quality of business. Meaning that the better the leadership, the better the business. Quality leadership one of the major keys of developing good customer service and employee satisfaction. Considering obedience defines whether we obey or disobey the authority, many individuals today have no choice but to obey. Leaders of businesses are far along being autocratic to their leadership style instead of democratic. Individuals feel afraid and feel like slavesRead MoreDisobedience Vs Obedience1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, obedience to authority is ingrained in humanity from an early age, causing some individuals to blindly obey orders without contemplating the credibility of the source. In psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s article â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† he explains that throughout human history obedience has been associated with virtue and disobedience with sin (Fromm 127). Fromm suggests that our conscience is an internalized voice of authority (126). Fromm claims individuals needRead MoreResearch Paper on Child Behavior1597 Words   |  7 Pagesoblivious to the respect that parents deserve and everything centers on their own needs. Throughout this paper many things have been explored such as: attachment issues in psychology, history of childhood behavior problems in biological relatives of boys with ADHD and conduct disorder, dealing with disrespect in your teenager, the seven keys to child obedience and how children’s bad behavior gives insight to academic achievements. New Research Suggest â€Å"New research suggests that children entering

Leadership for a Critical Perspective for Information Technology

Question: Write about theLeadership for a Critical Perspective for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Leadership is normally used to understand the condition of the quality of human being by which team of followers can be guided. It is often found that in organization team is led by an individual who has innovative and strategic ability to guide the team through real route through which the team can find the proper way to ensure successful accomplishment of the objective. Leadership is inherent within the individual and the same comes out when the situation demands for it (Daskal, 2016). Role of leadership Leadership in any organization is required at every level in any organization. Role of leadership is distinctly different at different levels of operation. In top level, role of leadership is required to find out the macro objective of the organization. This can explore required level of expertise to make certain strategies which can ensure accomplishment of objectives successfully. This role is guiding the entire team of organization in macro level with special emphasis on next level leaders for proper execution of strategies down the line. For ground level, role of leadership serves the purpose to lead from front to face any crisis management to set the precedence for leaders (Managementstudyguide, 2015). Critical analysis of leadership The erstwhile concept of organizational leadership theory confirmed that any organization had leader in the form of top executive who is responsible for fixation of organizational objectives and respective strategies to accomplish those objectives. The latest trend of business demands something else from the leadership of any organization. The ever changing business scenario constantly under the pressure of competitiveness demands innovative power to sustain in long run. The demand of the situation of present organizational leadership hence demands the proactive attitude with expertise for the organizational leaders to prove their ability to overcome the ever changing business situation with the ability to prove long term sustainability in the business scenario of competitive hardship (Welch, 2015). Issues of organizational leaders Organizational leaders normally find the uphill task to accomplish organizational objective which demands their expertise and skill of managing the team. Ultimate objective of any organization is to ensure proper strategies to ensure sustainability where leadership plays vital role. Normally leadership faces issues which are often created due to external factors like threats. Issues of threat can only be overcome through proper guidance which needs proper analysis of situation. Organizational threat normally happens when the organization is facing some external challenges. It is the duty of the organizational leader to analyze for finding the right strategy to overcome such challenges. It is the duty of the leader to find the way, convey it to the followers, make them understand the possible way of execution and, if required, guide them with personal intervention related to execution. The more the organizational leader is conversant with the type of different challenges- prevailing a nd upcoming, the more he is successful with the plausible solution of such issues (Managementstudyguide, 2015). Relation between effective leadership and success of the organization Effective leadership can turn a non-performed organization into successful organization through different ways. Effective leadership can show ways to the followers with proper guidance with hands on execution as required. Effective leadership honors the vision and mission of any organization, well aware of the objectives and the values of the organization and has distinct views about the way to accomplish such objectives honoring the mission statement and the values of the organization. Success of any organization is depending upon the successful execution of strategies fit for accomplishment of organizational objectives and effective leadership is well equipped with the ability to make it happen by his team management empowered with his expertise and inter-personnel skills (Pradeep Prabhu, 2011). Development of leadership plan and implementation of strategies Development of leadership plan is essential part of developmental program on human resources of any organization. Different organizations spend good amount of money to develop leadership skills in the organization through proper training and necessary orientation. Implementation of strategies is directly linked to leadership and development of such plan is necessary for proving success of the organization (Kraus Wilson, 2012). Conclusion Leadership is a basic requirement through which any organization grows with proper direction. Leadership is such quality that depends upon individual ability. Leadership quality can be sharpened by proper training. Good leader can be able to handle human resource with motivation and commitment and guide them with the desired path of execution to accomplish organizational objective. References: Daskal, L. (2016, September 28). What Is Leadership? Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Inc: https://www.inc.com/lolly-daskal/100-answers-to-the-question-what-is-leadership.html Kraus, A., Wilson, C. (2012). Leadership Development for Organizational Success. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Siop: https://www.siop.org/whitepapers/visibility/leadershipdevelopment.pdf Managementstudyguide. (2015). Role of a Leader. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Managementstudyguide: https://managementstudyguide.com/role_of_a_leader.htm Managementstudyguide. (2015). Role of a Leader. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Managementstudyguide: https://managementstudyguide.com/role_of_a_leader.htm Pradeep, D. D., Prabhu, N. (2011). The Relationship between Effective Leadership and Employee Performance. International Conference on Advancements in Information Technology, 20, 198-208. Welch, J. (2015). Importance of leadership for organizational excellence. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Ispatguru: https://ispatguru.com/importance-of-leadership-for-organizational-excellence/

Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty Essay Example For Students

Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty Essay of ripe apricots in modern poetry; the reference could be construed as sexual.However, in spite of their frailty and beauty, women have served in combat positions in one capacity or another since the beginning of the United States, long before the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901. Many women willingly entered the pits of battle, disguised as men and using male names in past wars. With growing numbers of women in the military and their roles in Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, Somalia, and Bosnia, there is increasing interest regarding their full integration and future role in combat. There are still US military women who strive to be allowed to serve their country in other capacities during wartime since the first deployment of women on combat ships in 1995. Most people have trust in their armed services to protect and uphold the ideals in which their country was founded. Allowing women to enter the armed forces represented the ideal that everyone should have equal op portunities to pursue happiness. Within this silver lining there is the contention by some that in letting women serve, especially in a direct combat role, we are defeating the primary purpose of the military: to protect our mother country. This view could be considered to fall in unison with the ancient double standard that women are the weaker gender. But what is combat specifically? Combat is about being exhausted, hungry, and living in the mud for long periods without access to clean water for drinking or bathing. Its about long periods of boredom interrupted by violent interludes of jolting fear, mingled with the agonizing cries of wounded, and the piercing sound of artillery. Its about the flesh burning stench from napalm or watching as fellow comrades gasp a last breath. Its about extreme discomfort and random degrees of emotion coursing through your being with no way out. Women in military specialties that are closer to the action would result in the likelihood of their beco ming casualties just like men. Does this relevant factor elude those who want to be in combat? During Desert Storm five women were killed by hostile action, while two were held captive. Some women in the military maintain that service in combat means more promotions for them; thereby attracting more women to the service. Has combat been reduced to an opportunity? Does this contingency sound similar to the propaganda and glorification of war arranged to intrigue the naive into conflict? Surveys claim that some military women do not think of war as such. A 1992 survey concerning differences among Army personnel found that only 12 percent of Army enlisted women would volunteer for combat arms if it were at all possible. Critics claim physical standards for combat training are at risk and will be compromised if women are allowed into combat positions. Physical standards are critically important in such occupations as the infantry and in special operations units. There is contention reg arding the disruption of the militarys mission when female troops allowed in combat become pregnant. It is thought by some, the relationships that would inevitably develop would induce new and greater risk for men who acted differently in combat toward females than they do toward males. Homosexuality in the military offers additional biased credence to this theory. We will write a custom essay on Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But the most damaging instance is thought to be the devastating impact on the morale, team cohesion, and fighting spirit within the armed forces. Combat is known to be a team activity, which regiments soldiers. Some women may indeed be as physically and mentally capable as men to perform combat duties, but what matters more in combat is not so much individual ability as teamwork. It is presumed the presence of women in combat would disrupt the basic teamwork that makes a difference between victory and defeat or life and death on the battlefield. .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .postImageUrl , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:visited , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:active { border:0!important; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:active , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder Essay And finally, there is the rising of the old argument that female soldiers will be taken prisoner and sexually abused by enemy forces. Major Rhonda Cornum who was taken prisoner by Iraqi forces after her helicopter was shot down over Iraq during the Persian Gulf War denied any abuse initially, however she later admitted that she was violated manually vaginally and rectally. How many men taken prisoner denied any abuse when they were subjected to sexual violations? Under any conditions, in our society males are reluctant to admit or volunteer information of this type of abuse when they are the victims. Further, from the experience in Desert Storm, sexu al abuse of female captives will undoubtedly be used to extort information from male prisoners.History has proven that despite the Geneva Convention, varying degrees of mistreatment is always practiced to extort information. The role of women in the military will continue to be a topic of discussion whether the issue is combat, family, or homosexuality. The acceptance of women in the armed forces has been evolving from a role of freeing men for combat to equality in all facets of military life. Today, women are undergoing training as combat pilots and crewmembers for aircraft carriers and other fighting ships. This change is in response to demands for the potential of career advancement and equal opportunities for women who are qualified and truly want to serve in dangerous combat jobs. When a female soldier may choose whether or not she goes into combat, this creates a reversed meaning for the old term double standard; There is no option for the male soldiery. Desert Storm commander General Norman Schwarzkopf testified to Congress, Decisions on what roles women should play in war must be based on military standards, not womens rights. Applying the individuals make the team analogy of critics, let me suggest the military standard should not center on anyones rights or obligation, but instead on the individual in all instances. Perhaps then war would be called off like other events that lack participation.