Holocaust Records Archive Unveiled

After 60 years of being hidden away from the public, Nazi records about the 17.5 million people — Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, mental patients, handicapped, political prisoners and other undesirables — they persecuted during the regimes 12 years in power will be open to the public. What is the ITS Bad Arolsen Holocaust Archive? The ITS Holocaust Archive in Bad Arolsen, Germany contains the fullest records of Nazi persecutions in existence.  The archives contain 50 million pages, housed in thousands of filing cabinets in six buildings. Overall, there are 16 miles of shelves holding information about the victims of the Nazis. The documents — scraps of paper, transport lists, registration books, labor documents, medical records, and finally death registers — record the arrest, transportation, and extermination of the victims. In some case, even the amount and size of the lice found on the prisoners’ heads were recorded.This archive contains the famous Schindler’s List, with the names of 1,000 prisoners saved by factory owner Oskar Schindler who told the Nazis he needed the prisoners to work in his factory.Records of Anne Frank’s journey from Amsterdam to Bergen-Belsen, where she died at the age of 15, can also be found among the millions of documents in this archive.The Mauthausen concentration camp’s â€Å"Totenbuch,† or Death Book, records in meticulous handwriting how, on April 20, 1942, a prisoner was shot in the back of the head every two minutes for 90 hours. The Mauthausen camp commandant ordered these executions as a birthday present for Hitler.Towar d the end of the war, when the Germans were struggling, the record keeping was not able to keep up with the extermination. And unknown numbers of prisoners were marched directly from trains to gas chambers in places like Auschwitz without being registered. How were the archives created? As the Allies conquered Germany and entered the Nazi concentration camps beginning in the spring of 1945, they found detailed records that had been kept by the Nazis. The documents were taken to the German town of Bad Arolsen, where they were sorted, filed, and locked way. In 1955, the International Tracing Service (ITS), an arm of the International Committee of the Red Cross, was put in charge of the archives. Why were the records closed to the public? An agreement signed in 1955 stated that no data that could harm the former Nazi victims or their families should be published. Thus, the ITS kept the files closed to the public because of concerns about the victims privacy. Information was doled out in minimal amounts to survivors or their descendants.This policy generated much ill-feeling among Holocaust survivors and researchers. In response to pressure from these groups, the ITS commission declared itself in favor of opening up the records in 1998 and began scanning the documents into digital form in 1999.Germany, however, opposed amending the original convention to allow for public access to the records. German opposition, which was based on possible misuse of information, became the main barrier to opening the Holocaust archives to the public.Yet until now Germany resisted the opening, on the grounds that the records involve private information about individuals that could be misused. Why are the records now being made available? In May 2006, following years of pressure from the United States and survivors groups, Germany changed its viewpoint and agreed to a fast revision of the original agreement.Brigitte Zypries, the German justice minister at the time, announced this decision while in Washington for a meeting with Sara J. Bloomfield, the director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.Zypries said, Our point of view is that the protection of privacy rights has reached by now a standard high enough to ensure ... the protection of privacy of those concerned. Why are the records important? The immensity of information in the archives will provide Holocaust researchers with work for generations. Holocaust scholars have already started to revise their estimates of the number of camps run by the Nazis according to new information being found. And the archives present a formidable obstacle to Holocaust deniers.In addition, with the youngest survivors very swiftly dying each year, time is running out for survivors to learn about their loved ones. Today survivors fear that after they die, no one will remember the names of their family members who were killed in the Holocaust. The archives need to be accessible while there are still survivors alive who have the knowledge and drive to access it.The opening of the archives means that survivors and their descendents can finally find information about the loved ones they lost, and this may bring them some well-deserved closure before the end of their lives.

Obedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay - 1420 Words

Compliance with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority is obedience. Just about everyone obeys someone or something on a daily basis without even thinking about it. It is normal and useful for keeping law and order in a common civilized society. Obedience is not a bad thing, it is just a way of controlling people. However, the opposite end of obedience is disobedience which is usually viewed as bad, especially in the context of a societal view. Both obedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; during the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficulty to disob ey, and social pressures that are displayed among groups. Many war crimes and horrific historical events involve the forces of obedience especially within groups. These tragic events as time has passed have sparked curiosity in many behavioral scientists. Research through experimentation has occurred and helped explain some of the behaviors witnessed such as in the famous Milgram experiment. Stanley Milgram performed an experiment that revealed some truly baffling facts when it comes to obedience. TheShow MoreRelatedObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesObedience is defined as compliance with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority. Just about everyone obeys someone or something on a daily basis without even thinking about it. It is normal and useful for keeping law and order in a common civilized society. Obedience is not a bad thing, it is just a way of controlling people. However, the opposite end of obedience is disobedience which is usually viewed as bad, especially in the context of a societal view. Both obedience and disobedienceRead MoreObedience to Authority Essays836 Words   |  4 Pageseven human being’s life; along with this, is the expectation of obedience to that authority. Through this obedience, many great things have been accomplished, as well as many instances of cruel and immoral acts. Defiance of the established authority, though, has also lead to great things, such as the creation and founding of the United States of America. In his writing, Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram examines the obedience to authority without questioning or taking responsibility and theRead MoreReal Life Implications Of The Milgram Experiment1698 Words   |  7 PagesReal Life Implications of the Milgram Experiment One of the most controversial studies in the history of psychology is Stanley Milgram’s Obedience experiment, which revealed the power of obedience and the horrendous acts people would commit when faced by an authority figure. Milgram selected male participants to be part of a learning study. He got people to be either the learner or the teacher. It was fixed that they were always the teacher. The teacher would shock the learner if they would getRead MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1403 Words   |  6 Pages Studying obedience to authority most often reveals human nature repugnantly; however, it teaches society individual capability and, thus, it can prevent unethical actions. In the film, A Few Good Men, Col. Nathan R. Jessup, the commanding officer at Guantanamo Bay Cuba orders a â€Å"code red† – an unsanctioned disciplinary action against Pfc. William T. Santiago. Lance Cpl. Harold W. Dawson and Pfc. Louden Downey, two U.S. Marines, are the fellow platoon members that implement the code red, and LtRead MoreA Few Good Men Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesauthorization, specifically in the military (Zimbardo 116-117, Kelman and Hamilton 139-142). Zimbardo would consider Dawson’s following of the Code Red to be a product of his environment, in this case, the military (116). Based on â€Å"When Good People do Bad Things,† Dr. Phil, Ph.D., agrees with Zimbardo that ordinary people are capable of carrying out heinous acts, depending on the situation. Dr. Phil interviews a military Ranger, Alex, who robbed a bank inadvertently. The Ranger was under the impressionRead MoreEssay on Obedience to Authority574 Words   |  3 PagesObedience to Authority Today our society raises us to believe that obedience is good and disobedience is bad. We are taught that we should all do what we’re told and that the people that are disobedient are almost always bad people. Society tells us this, but it is not true. Most people will even be obedient to the point of causing harm to others, because to be disobedient requires the courage to be alone against authority. In Stanley Milgram’s Perils of Obedience experiment, his studiesRead MoreWhat Can Social Psychology Teach Us About What Happened At Abu Ghraib? Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesthe line to gain information by the centre intelligence agency, tier 1A was known as the interrogation hold. One detained was mentally ill, he covered himself in faeces every day, the soldiers would have to role him in sand so he wouldn’t smell so bad and they named him ‘Shitboy’. What was he doing in an interrogation hold? This is one example that shows the level of humilia tion and dehumanisation that went on. Philip Zimbardo was an expert witness for U.S. Army Reserve Staff Sgt. Ivan â€Å"Chip† FrederickRead MoreCustomer Service And Employee Satisfaction1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat good leadership directly relates to the quality of business. Meaning that the better the leadership, the better the business. Quality leadership one of the major keys of developing good customer service and employee satisfaction. Considering obedience defines whether we obey or disobey the authority, many individuals today have no choice but to obey. Leaders of businesses are far along being autocratic to their leadership style instead of democratic. Individuals feel afraid and feel like slavesRead MoreDisobedience Vs Obedience1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn society, obedience to authority is ingrained in humanity from an early age, causing some individuals to blindly obey orders without contemplating the credibility of the source. In psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s article â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† he explains that throughout human history obedience has been associated with virtue and disobedience with sin (Fromm 127). Fromm suggests that our conscience is an internalized voice of authority (126). Fromm claims individuals needRead MoreResearch Paper on Child Behavior1597 Words   |  7 Pagesoblivious to the respect that parents deserve and everything centers on their own needs. Throughout this paper many things have been explored such as: attachment issues in psychology, history of childhood behavior problems in biological relatives of boys with ADHD and conduct disorder, dealing with disrespect in your teenager, the seven keys to child obedience and how children’s bad behavior gives insight to academic achievements. New Research Suggest â€Å"New research suggests that children entering

Leadership for a Critical Perspective for Information Technology

Question: Write about theLeadership for a Critical Perspective for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction Leadership is normally used to understand the condition of the quality of human being by which team of followers can be guided. It is often found that in organization team is led by an individual who has innovative and strategic ability to guide the team through real route through which the team can find the proper way to ensure successful accomplishment of the objective. Leadership is inherent within the individual and the same comes out when the situation demands for it (Daskal, 2016). Role of leadership Leadership in any organization is required at every level in any organization. Role of leadership is distinctly different at different levels of operation. In top level, role of leadership is required to find out the macro objective of the organization. This can explore required level of expertise to make certain strategies which can ensure accomplishment of objectives successfully. This role is guiding the entire team of organization in macro level with special emphasis on next level leaders for proper execution of strategies down the line. For ground level, role of leadership serves the purpose to lead from front to face any crisis management to set the precedence for leaders (Managementstudyguide, 2015). Critical analysis of leadership The erstwhile concept of organizational leadership theory confirmed that any organization had leader in the form of top executive who is responsible for fixation of organizational objectives and respective strategies to accomplish those objectives. The latest trend of business demands something else from the leadership of any organization. The ever changing business scenario constantly under the pressure of competitiveness demands innovative power to sustain in long run. The demand of the situation of present organizational leadership hence demands the proactive attitude with expertise for the organizational leaders to prove their ability to overcome the ever changing business situation with the ability to prove long term sustainability in the business scenario of competitive hardship (Welch, 2015). Issues of organizational leaders Organizational leaders normally find the uphill task to accomplish organizational objective which demands their expertise and skill of managing the team. Ultimate objective of any organization is to ensure proper strategies to ensure sustainability where leadership plays vital role. Normally leadership faces issues which are often created due to external factors like threats. Issues of threat can only be overcome through proper guidance which needs proper analysis of situation. Organizational threat normally happens when the organization is facing some external challenges. It is the duty of the organizational leader to analyze for finding the right strategy to overcome such challenges. It is the duty of the leader to find the way, convey it to the followers, make them understand the possible way of execution and, if required, guide them with personal intervention related to execution. The more the organizational leader is conversant with the type of different challenges- prevailing a nd upcoming, the more he is successful with the plausible solution of such issues (Managementstudyguide, 2015). Relation between effective leadership and success of the organization Effective leadership can turn a non-performed organization into successful organization through different ways. Effective leadership can show ways to the followers with proper guidance with hands on execution as required. Effective leadership honors the vision and mission of any organization, well aware of the objectives and the values of the organization and has distinct views about the way to accomplish such objectives honoring the mission statement and the values of the organization. Success of any organization is depending upon the successful execution of strategies fit for accomplishment of organizational objectives and effective leadership is well equipped with the ability to make it happen by his team management empowered with his expertise and inter-personnel skills (Pradeep Prabhu, 2011). Development of leadership plan and implementation of strategies Development of leadership plan is essential part of developmental program on human resources of any organization. Different organizations spend good amount of money to develop leadership skills in the organization through proper training and necessary orientation. Implementation of strategies is directly linked to leadership and development of such plan is necessary for proving success of the organization (Kraus Wilson, 2012). Conclusion Leadership is a basic requirement through which any organization grows with proper direction. Leadership is such quality that depends upon individual ability. Leadership quality can be sharpened by proper training. Good leader can be able to handle human resource with motivation and commitment and guide them with the desired path of execution to accomplish organizational objective. References: Daskal, L. (2016, September 28). What Is Leadership? Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Inc: https://www.inc.com/lolly-daskal/100-answers-to-the-question-what-is-leadership.html Kraus, A., Wilson, C. (2012). Leadership Development for Organizational Success. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Siop: https://www.siop.org/whitepapers/visibility/leadershipdevelopment.pdf Managementstudyguide. (2015). Role of a Leader. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Managementstudyguide: https://managementstudyguide.com/role_of_a_leader.htm Managementstudyguide. (2015). Role of a Leader. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Managementstudyguide: https://managementstudyguide.com/role_of_a_leader.htm Pradeep, D. D., Prabhu, N. (2011). The Relationship between Effective Leadership and Employee Performance. International Conference on Advancements in Information Technology, 20, 198-208. Welch, J. (2015). Importance of leadership for organizational excellence. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from Ispatguru: https://ispatguru.com/importance-of-leadership-for-organizational-excellence/

Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty Essay Example For Students

Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty Essay of ripe apricots in modern poetry; the reference could be construed as sexual.However, in spite of their frailty and beauty, women have served in combat positions in one capacity or another since the beginning of the United States, long before the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901. Many women willingly entered the pits of battle, disguised as men and using male names in past wars. With growing numbers of women in the military and their roles in Desert Storm, the Persian Gulf War, Somalia, and Bosnia, there is increasing interest regarding their full integration and future role in combat. There are still US military women who strive to be allowed to serve their country in other capacities during wartime since the first deployment of women on combat ships in 1995. Most people have trust in their armed services to protect and uphold the ideals in which their country was founded. Allowing women to enter the armed forces represented the ideal that everyone should have equal op portunities to pursue happiness. Within this silver lining there is the contention by some that in letting women serve, especially in a direct combat role, we are defeating the primary purpose of the military: to protect our mother country. This view could be considered to fall in unison with the ancient double standard that women are the weaker gender. But what is combat specifically? Combat is about being exhausted, hungry, and living in the mud for long periods without access to clean water for drinking or bathing. Its about long periods of boredom interrupted by violent interludes of jolting fear, mingled with the agonizing cries of wounded, and the piercing sound of artillery. Its about the flesh burning stench from napalm or watching as fellow comrades gasp a last breath. Its about extreme discomfort and random degrees of emotion coursing through your being with no way out. Women in military specialties that are closer to the action would result in the likelihood of their beco ming casualties just like men. Does this relevant factor elude those who want to be in combat? During Desert Storm five women were killed by hostile action, while two were held captive. Some women in the military maintain that service in combat means more promotions for them; thereby attracting more women to the service. Has combat been reduced to an opportunity? Does this contingency sound similar to the propaganda and glorification of war arranged to intrigue the naive into conflict? Surveys claim that some military women do not think of war as such. A 1992 survey concerning differences among Army personnel found that only 12 percent of Army enlisted women would volunteer for combat arms if it were at all possible. Critics claim physical standards for combat training are at risk and will be compromised if women are allowed into combat positions. Physical standards are critically important in such occupations as the infantry and in special operations units. There is contention reg arding the disruption of the militarys mission when female troops allowed in combat become pregnant. It is thought by some, the relationships that would inevitably develop would induce new and greater risk for men who acted differently in combat toward females than they do toward males. Homosexuality in the military offers additional biased credence to this theory. We will write a custom essay on Women have been compared to the frailty and beauty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But the most damaging instance is thought to be the devastating impact on the morale, team cohesion, and fighting spirit within the armed forces. Combat is known to be a team activity, which regiments soldiers. Some women may indeed be as physically and mentally capable as men to perform combat duties, but what matters more in combat is not so much individual ability as teamwork. It is presumed the presence of women in combat would disrupt the basic teamwork that makes a difference between victory and defeat or life and death on the battlefield. .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .postImageUrl , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:visited , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:active { border:0!important; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:active , .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20d4be35c5541634292dc8970518022a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bipolar Disorder Essay And finally, there is the rising of the old argument that female soldiers will be taken prisoner and sexually abused by enemy forces. Major Rhonda Cornum who was taken prisoner by Iraqi forces after her helicopter was shot down over Iraq during the Persian Gulf War denied any abuse initially, however she later admitted that she was violated manually vaginally and rectally. How many men taken prisoner denied any abuse when they were subjected to sexual violations? Under any conditions, in our society males are reluctant to admit or volunteer information of this type of abuse when they are the victims. Further, from the experience in Desert Storm, sexu al abuse of female captives will undoubtedly be used to extort information from male prisoners.History has proven that despite the Geneva Convention, varying degrees of mistreatment is always practiced to extort information. The role of women in the military will continue to be a topic of discussion whether the issue is combat, family, or homosexuality. The acceptance of women in the armed forces has been evolving from a role of freeing men for combat to equality in all facets of military life. Today, women are undergoing training as combat pilots and crewmembers for aircraft carriers and other fighting ships. This change is in response to demands for the potential of career advancement and equal opportunities for women who are qualified and truly want to serve in dangerous combat jobs. When a female soldier may choose whether or not she goes into combat, this creates a reversed meaning for the old term double standard; There is no option for the male soldiery. Desert Storm commander General Norman Schwarzkopf testified to Congress, Decisions on what roles women should play in war must be based on military standards, not womens rights. Applying the individuals make the team analogy of critics, let me suggest the military standard should not center on anyones rights or obligation, but instead on the individual in all instances. Perhaps then war would be called off like other events that lack participation.